Automatic facet forming machine



AUTOMATIC FACET FORMING MACHINE' Aug. 22, 1944.

A. SIMONS AUTOMATIC FACET FORMING MACHINE Filed June 5. 1942 4Sheets-Sheet 2 EW n i INVENTORv AARQN 51A/:UNS

ATTORNEY Aug. 22, 1944. A. SIMONS AUTOMATIC FACE-,T FORMING MACHINE 4Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed June 3, 1942 INVENTOR AARo/v S/Mo/vs BY Q 'WATTORNEY Aug. 22, 1944. L A. SIMONS AUTOMATIC FACET FORMING MACHINE 4Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed June 5, 1942 INVENTOR ,j AARON SiMo/vs mm \m\ m E mN m. Q m N ww Q Xi o m 9v KS WQ SQQ @GS QQ.. mm nvm, R Q I L QN %N\ \N\.N NWW NSS ATTORNEY of Fig. 1.

Patented Aug. 22, 1944 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,356,184 AUTOMATICFACET FORMING MACHINE Aaron Simons, Bronx, N. Y. Application June 3,1942, SerialhNo. 445,630l

Z6 Claims.

This invention relates to machines for automatically producing apredetermined number of i'acets on diamonds or other precious stones andthe object of the invention is to provide a machine of this classemploying a tool supporting head, with means actuated upon thecompletion of a predetermined operation on a stone for automaticallyshifting the head to `bring another section or area of the stone inposition to be formed or shaped, further in automatically repeating thisoperation funtil all of the facets have been completely formed on thestone, and in providing means for adjusting angularity of the tool, as.

well as to automatically shift the position of the tool inintermittently changing position of the workpiece or stone with respectto the grinding or shaping element; and with these and other objects inview,` the inventionvconsists in a machine of the class and for thepurpose specified, which is simple in construction, emcient in use. andwhich is constructed as hereinafter described and claimed. v

'I'he invention is fully disclosed in the following specification, ofwhich the accompanying drawings form a part, in which the separate partsof my improvement are designated by suitable reference characters ineach of the views, and in which:

Fig. -l is a side and sectional view o f a machine made according to myinvention showing the tool supportingvhead in operative position.

. Fig. 2 isa side view of the machine showing the iol suuporting head inraisedinoperative posion. f

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the machine. as seen .in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 showing parts in a dinerent positionand omitting part of the l arrow I of Fig. 1 showing only a part of theconstruction and with parts in section.

Fig. 6 is a partial section on the line 4-6 Fig. z is a' Fig. 3

Fig. 8 is'an enlarged sectional view on partial section on the line 1`1of the une l-3 ofFig. 5.

Fig. 9 is a perspective -view diagrammatically Y showing a swingingframecontrol mechanism of the machine.

Fig. 10 is a face view'of a diamond indicatingV i the facets formed`thereon.

Fig. 11 is a section on the line II-ii of Fig. 2 on an enlarged scale. lFig. l2 is a section on the broken line I2-I2 of Fig. 1 omittingA partsof th'e constructionkand Fig. 13 is a partial section on the line .I3-i3 0f F18. 4. l l f In the drawings. Il represents a base or table o0`shaft I8 through abelt or other drive |9. On

the shaft I8 is a worm 20 driving a worm wheel 2| on a transverse camshaft 22, having two heart shaped cams 23 at opposite ends thereof,which operate upon rollers 24 supported on a 'sliding frame 25, whichoperates in suitable guides 26 on the table I5. At the forward end ofthe frame is a supplemental table 21 forming Ipart of the frame thereon,on which is supported upwardly and forwardly directed side-plates 28 andrearwardly extending bearings 29, the latter forming supports foralpivot 30. The pivot forms an axis for a swinging frame 3l.

'I'he swinging frame comprises a cross plate 32 having raised andforwardly directed arms 33, and to the plate 32 is secured a rearwardlydirected platform 34 having a. `cross-liar 35, the terminal ends ofwhich form the pivots 30.

To theforward end of the platform 34 is se-l Y cured an arc shapedsegment 36 having a dove,- tail channel to slidably receive a sector 31.The sectorv 31 has upwardly and forwardlyextend-,- ing' curved arms 38,which provides an adjustable support for a block 397mwhich a workpiecesupporting .tool 40 is mounted. The block 39 is recessed at one side, asseen at 4l, to receive one of the arms 38; the other arm snugly engagesthe other side of the block.` A large milled :balance` to controlmovement of the swingingframe toward the grinding wheel 43.

At this time, it will':be pointed out that .the

y grinding wheel'is preferably supported andl opyl eratd by meanstotally independent of the machine and the machine is thus 'adiustablysrup-4 ported as a unit with respect to the grinding wheel andwhenproperlyI adjusted the block 33 including' the tool 40 are'ladjustdto bring the workpiece or diamond 41 supported in .the tool in properrelationship with respect to the sur-l face of the grinding wheel toprovide for the auto# matic grinding` of the several facets 48 on thediamond, as is indicated diagrammaticallyy in- Flg.- 10 of the drawings.j

In Fig. 11 of -the drawings. a. section is shown 'through the block 39to illustrtelenerlly -the workpiece supporting tool The tool 40 -isquickly attachable anddetachable with the block by a hooked end arm 43,pivoted as seen 'at u 'with the hooked ena 'or up amvenmme an'opposed,recessed pin Il, thearm carrying a set screw 52 centrally thereof, whichbears upon the outer end of a milled head 53 of a tool retaining sleeve`54. The lower end of this sleeve l sition in the manner indicated inFig. 11 of the drawings. 'I'he plug 60 constitutes more or less of aconventional mounting for the stones.

Secured at the upper end of the outer shell 58 of the tool is a hookedarm 6I which engages the pivot pin 50 to retain the tool againstrotation in the inner'bushing 62. around which is arranged an outerbushing 83, the latter being supported in the block as. These twbushings are provided to care for intermittent rotary movement, which isimparted to the tool l in` bringing successive sections of the workpieceor diamond 41 in position to form the successive facets I8 thereon.

For the time being, the structure of the tool operating mechanism willbe described and the 30 means for actuating said mechanism will be laterdescribed.' Arranged upon the upper end of the block 31 and rotatable onthe bushing 83 is a beveled ring Il to which is secured a ratchet wheel65. Rotatable upon the upper and lower surfaces of the wheel Il arespaced discs 68, one extendedarxn oi which carries a swiveled pin 61 andin oppositely extended arms of which is pivotally supported a springactuated pawl i8. Thisstructure may be said to constitute a pawlactuating frame, which is independently vrotatf able on the recessedsides of the ratchet wheel i5, as will clearly appear upon aconsideration oi' Fig. 1l of the drawings. This frame is rotated in onedirection as later described, to move the pawl over 4the ratchet wheelwhile the latter is stationary and is movablewith the-ratchet wheel indriving or rotating thewheel when the frame is operatedfin the oppositedirection. On the lower surface of -the'ratchet wheel "are eight4conical beken u and supported in the blocks:

' is a spring operated key pin 10, note Fig. -13,

said ratchet wheel. In other words', the'pin 10 Aretains'the tool in theeight different vpositions requiredio form the eight facets on thediamond varied, the tool structure and means controlling operationthereof willbe correspondingly varied. :From the foregoing, yit will beapparent that in the rotation of the ratchet, the disc M, as well as thetool unit Il, is correspondingly rotated. The bevel disc Il mayhavesuitable marks or' indentures to register with correspondingmarkingson the up r surface of-a stationary disc 1I, secured to the lock It toindicate to the opera- .5.6616 whichle of or workpiece. Where the numberof facets aretorthe position assumed by the stone or workpiece duringany particular operation.

The lower end portion of the shell Il protrudes beyond the block I! andis tapered to seat snugly in a. bushed colla:` 12 having a harigeportion 13 to receive screws or other fastenings to mount the same onthe lower surface of the block. Removal of this hushed sleeve willfacilitate detachment of the tool unit I0, although the unit may bedetached without removal of said sleeve. In y addition tothe rotary-movement of the to'ol unit 40, the entire tool operating mechanism isrotatable in the block 39 by mechanism later described, which rotationis upon the bushing i 16 In the operation of the machine, thereciprocating frame moves back and forth in the ma.- chine by the actionof the cams 23 and the spring 14, which is coupled with one pin on theplate zo 21 and another pin 18 on the bedplate Il. In this operation,the workpiece ismoved vradially over the surface of the grinding wheelor in'- wardly and outwardly with respect to the axis of rotation ifthis wheel in any desired angular '25 relationship. After the grindingoperationfhasy s. t been performed, said mechanisms, later described,

automatically throws the swinging frame into raised position and in sodoing, two operations are performed with regard to the workpiecesupporting mechanism. First, the complete block is swung into adifferent angular position by movement of the sector I1 in the guides.In other words, in moving the unit from the position shown in Fig. 3 tothat illustrated in Pig. 4 or 35 vice versa, and during this operationthe work-' piece supporting tool 40 is rotated Va of a revolution tobring the next section-of the diamond or f workpiece in position to beground. The reason for shifting the angular postion of the en l40 tireunit is to bring the workpiece, if it has a grain, intoproperrelationship with the grinding wheel to produce the most emcientgrinding operations thereon'consistent with the graining of theworkpiece. This produces the most eilicient operations finished surfaceson the resulting facets.

i The rst of the above mentioned operatis s seen at 18, and having `atits free end a'fork engaging a pin 1l on the sector I1. At the pivot endof the arm 11 is a cross-head Il having forked ends engaging pins onsliding 'p'- allel bars Il which are-supported upon the plateextensionall. -At the forward ends of each of these bars-y are pivotedpawls Il, note' Fig. '1,

having fiat position of the springs and pawls,

in other words, when the bars are in retracted positions., the pawls l2having their ends protruding above the surface of the bars: whereas inextended position, the springs actuate to depress the forward ends ofthe pawls to provide the following operations.

Pivotally supported on stationary posts Il. les cured to the plate 21,are gravity operated fingers .-suflicient widthv to'llide .freelyoverthe "upper surfacesY of4 event thatv the frame is swung on the pivot8l.-

the one finger 86 will engage the protruding pawl,

for example, the pawl shown in full lines of the drawings, thusadvancing the pled therewith; wherethe movement ofthe other fingeroverthe bar will pass freely over the de` pressed pawl therein.' In thisoperation. the engaged pawl will operate the arm 11 and thesector 15 l1to move the inria? barllcouand more highly polished and performed by aswinging arm 11. pivoted al tnepbm 'u'. 'In' the tllie unit into adifferent lar position. For example, considering Fig. 3, the abovedescribed operation ,would cause the arm 11 to move from the position ofsaid figure *Y to the position shown in Fig. 4. In the next swingingmovement of the frame,`the arm 11 will be moved from the position shownin Fig. 4 to the position shown in Fig. 3. With the workpiece supportingunit in the position shown in Fig. 4, the diamond or workpiece l1 may bemoved radially. across the surface of the grinding wheel 49; whereaswhen in the position shown in Fig. 3, this movement of the diamond orworkpiece will vbe of an angle of approximately 45 to the firstmentioned movement. l

The aforesaid swinging movement of the'frame 9| is accomplished by themovement of a roller 91 over a cam surface 99 in the forward end of theblock I9. The roller 91 is supported in one end of the cross-headof aT-shaped arm 91', the other end of which is pivoted, as seen at 99, andthe leg of thisarm 91' supports an adjustable pin 90 which engages theblock 9| on one end of a plunger rod 92. A short guide and key rod 99 isalsosecured to the clock 9| and both rods reciprocate back and forth inthe frame in suitable guides or bearings, as clearly seen in Fig. 1 ofthe drawings. e

Secured e rod 92 is a spring seat and pawl actuating plate 94, note Fig.9, of the drawings, which has depending side ngers 99 adapted tocooperate with a lip 99 on a pawl 91. Also secured to the plunger, rod92 is a pawl block 99 having a pawl receiving recess 99 in the lowerforward corner thereof, which ls engaged by the pawl when the frame isautomatically swung into raised position. A spring |00, note Fig. 1,vnormally tends to support the pawl'in raised opera-l tive position;whereas a spring on the rod 92 supports the block 9| in constantengagement with the pin 90. In the normal reciprocating back and forthmovement of the machine-in the guides 29, the roller 91 rides over thecam surface 99 andthe pin 90'movs the plunger 92 forwardly against thetension of the spring |0| and in this operation, assuming that thegrinding operation on the stone or workpiece has not been completed; aspring nger |02 pivoted as seen at |09 engages the lip 99 of the pawl 91to lower the nose of the cam out of engagement with the block 99, thefinger |02 being normally supported in engagement with th'e lip by aspring |04, note Fig. 1.

pletely ground. the screw I I9 engages 'the stop ||9 and the raisingofthe control plate will depress the hook end ||0 thereof, thus actuatingthe trip plate |09 to raise the spring finger |02 into the ition shownin Figs. 1 and 9 in which position t e linger |02 is out of engagementwith the projecting lip 99 Aof the pawl 91. next movement of the roller91 over the cam surfacel 99, the pawl 91 will engage the block 99checking forward movement of the plunger 92 which will cause theswinging frame to move from the position shown in Fig. 1 to the positionshown in Fig. 2.

It will thus be seen that the adjustment of screw I I9 actually controlsthe depth or degree of cut or grinding operation performed on eachsection of the stone.

In theforward sliding movement of the machine or main frame, theswinging frame 9| is gradually lowered by gravity. This movement ischecked to some degree by springs ||9 coupled with the sliding frame, asseen at H9, ando with the swinging frame, as seen at |20. This downwardmovement is further checked by a dashpot construction comprisingcylinders |2I pivoted to the arms 29, as seen at |22, and plungers |29having flattened sides, note Fig. 8, which operate in the cylindersI2I`;` the plungers being pivoted, as seen at |24, to vertical columns|29 at the foward ends of the arms 99 on the swinging frame. Thesedashpot cushions serve to ease the engagement of the stone or workpiecein its movement into engagement with the fast rotating grinding wheel.Quite often, the surface of the stoneor workpiece is sharp or irregularand this sensitive movement of the workpiecev into engagement with thegrinding wheel eliminates any possibility of grooving or otherwisemarring the surface of the wheel. It will readilyappear that as theswinging frame `9| moves upwardly. the plungers |29 are drawn upwardlyin the cyl--` inders I2I and as the frame swings downwardly,

vthe plungers move downwardly in the bores of the cylinders and theslight attening of the sides of the plungers |29 minimizes the escape ofair to produce the cushioning or dashpot effect which is desired.

In the aforesaid swingingV movement of the frame, the workpiecesupporting and operating unit. in addition to being swung into theangular positions( is also actuated to rotate the On the pivot end ofthe finger |02 is a projecting lip |09 adapted to be engaged byasubstantially L-shaped trip plate |09. the angular end |01 of whichengages the lip |09. The upper ends of the plate |09 has side wingsforming pivotal supports |09 for said plate. The plate is also aperturedto freely receive the plunger rod 92. At the upper edge of the plate |09is a bevelled surface |09 adapted to be engaged bythe hook end ||0 of acontrolV plate III. `The plate has side pivots ||2 for mounting on thesegment 99 and at the forward end of the plate is an adjustable stopscrew ||9 adapted to engage a stop .l element ||4 on the lower surfaceof a front stop plate ||9, the latter having two adjustable stop holderI0, as previously described. and this operation is performed by anadjustable linkage |29v comprising telescoping parts adjustably and.detachably secured, as seen at |21, the lower part being pivoted. asseen at |29, note Fig. 11, to the pin 91; whereas the upper .part ispivoted to a sleeve |29 arranged upon a rod |'30 of a cross- 'bar |9|secured to the columns '|29. To each of the arms 29 are 'pivoted links|92, which support at their upper end a cross-bar |99, in which thecolumns |29 are slidably mounted. v'I'his serves limiting downwardmovement of the swinging frame in the direction of the grinding .wheelI9.

tion of Fig'. 1 of the drawings.

lWhen a surface or faceti9 has been comto support and guide the columnsin the movement of the swinging frame 9IL. The sleeve |29 constitutespart of or.is (secured tothe crossbar |99. On the cross-bar |99 is astop |94 adapted to be engaged by an adjustable screw |99 supported in atop cross-head |99, which couples the upper. ends of the columns |29. Inother words, the columns |29 and crosspieces |9|, |99

`constitute th open work frame structure which is movable with theswinging frame and guided' and reinforced by the partsw |92 and |99.'I'he screw |99 is simply employed for testing the machine and can takethe place of the screw H9 Thus, in the in providing a constant movementof the swinging frame from @the position shown in Fig. 3 to the positionshown in Fig. 4 and vice versa, each shift being accomplished upon onecomplete cycle of operation of the cams 23 or in one complete back andforth movement of the sliding main frame. However, when the screw Il! isin inoperative position, operation of the machine is controlled throughthe engagement of the workpiece with the grindingAwheel.

Considering the flinkage |28, it will be apparent that the sleeve |29transmits rotary movement to the pawl Il in rotating the workpieceholder 40 one-eighth of a revolution returning the pawl to engage thenext successive tooth on a ratchet .wheel sl, this last operation beingassistedI by a spring |31, one end of which is coupled with the pin I1and the other end of which is secured to an arm illsecured to the block30.

It will appear from a consideration of Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawingsthat the disc 1I is larger in diameter than the conical sleeve M; thusmarkings may be arranged on the disc and sleeve to k'indicate to theoperator the position of the workpiece or the particular facets beingground when the machine is in operation. However, after the leightfacets have' been initially ground, the machine is allowed to continueits automatic operation for final grindings on all of the facets andwhen a workpiece is completely formed, the machine will continue toswing the frame andl rotate the work-piece holder in each cycle ofoperation for the machine. This can be a clear indication to theoperator that the particular workpiecein this machine has been finishedand the machine is ready for the insertion of a yne workpiece.

A t the forward lower end of the swinging frame is arranged a large discIl adapted to enter a recess m, not rm. 1. inr the temen. The me Y nldoesnot seatinthebaseoftherecess 'asthe frame. The entire machinemounted upon the machines ofthe character described, said unit lswinging frame is checked on its vdownward movement and in bothpositions thereof by the stop screws llt. However, should these screwsbe'removed from the machine for any time, the

with respect to said unit, a quick clamping'device disc lll would -forma support for the swinging A frame. Q

It will be understood that the mechanism dia'- grammatically illustratedin Fig. 9 of the drawstoodl that a number of these holders will bePrepared with the diamonds or other stones orA workpleces` set thereinready for quick insertion intothe machine upon the removal 'of afinished workpiece. This operation is performed by simply loosening thescrew 52 and swinging the 1 -m u out of simement with the homer u baseplate Il constitutes` a unit which may be- Asupported in any desiredposition with respect to a grinding wheel. In some instances, a numberof these units may be arranged around the peripheral of a single whe'eland on the other hand, the units may be shiftable from one wheel toanother. l

Inl this connection in referring to grinding wheel, it will be apparentthat the particular lstructure of. the wheel may be modified to suit theoperations to be performed on the workpiece. In some instances, it mightbe desirable to operate workpieces` in three different stages; for

example, on roughing wheels to produce rough cuts; then in a secondstage. completing the cutting or grinding operation; and a third stageof polishing may also be included. It will also beunderstood thatdiiferent weights 4l may be employed in conjunction with differentworkpieces and also in the use of different ston. These weights are tocontrol the gravity pressure of the workpiece` on the cutting, shapingor polishing element.

Having fully described my invention,. what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:

1.-A workpiece supporting unitforggrinding machines of the characterdescribed, said unit comprising a block, s plurality of sleevesrotatably mounted in the block and relatively to each other, a workpiecesupporting tool detachable with 'respect w said unit, a -qick clampingdevice for retaining the tool in position in the unit, and meansinvolving a pawl and ratchet structure rotatably mounted on the blockfor intermittently rotating said tool in said block.

2. A workpiece supporting unit for grinding comprising a block, a"plurality of sleeves rotatably mounted in the block and relatively toeach other, itv workpiece -supporting tool detachable for retaining thetool in position in the unit, means involving a pawl and ratchetstructure rotatably mounted on the block for intermittenly rotating saidtool in said block. and

taining the tool in different positions against ac-` cidentaldisplacement.

3. A workpiece supportmg uni't for grinding machines oi' the characterdescribed. said unit comprising a block, a plurality of sleeves ablymounted in the block and relatively to each other, va workpiecesupporting tool detachable with respect to said unit, a quick clampingdevice for retaining the tool in` position' in the unit, means involvingapawl and ratchet structure rotatably mounted on the block forintermittently rotating said tool in said block, means retaining thetool in different positions against accidental displacement, meansmanually adjusting the po;

sitionoftheunitinthemachine,andmeansfor Vbodily shutmg thermales of theuna mine' 'which can then be drawn upwardly through the It will beapparentthat by slight alterations. substitutions and adjustments, themachine may. be

keying the chuck against rotation in the sleeve."

theinner end of the chuck being screw threaded.

arranged to grind any number-ni facetsV and ai'. 70

different angular positions on the resulting workpiece. Y 4

the linkage il! may be lengthened and shortened and the screw .ladjusted to in- In thisv connection, it will be under` machine 4.- Aworkpiece supporunaunit' for grinding.

machines of the class deribed. a workpiece supporting tool comprising asleeve, a workpiece grip- Ding chuck in one end of the sleeve, means forland a chuck actuating member' engaging the threaded end of said chuckand having a milled head projecting beyond the other end of sleeve forclamping the workpiece in said chuck.

crease or decrease the swing of the swinging 15 ,5. Amachine forautomaticsllyniovinga piece relative to a grinding wheel, comprising anelongated sliding frame for moving the workpiece acrossthe surface ofthe wheel, a freely' swinging frame pivoted at one end to thecorresponding end of the sliding frame and swingable from a'positionsubstantially paralleling the sliding frame to positions-at aninclination thereto in moving the workpiece toward and from said wheel,means for actuating the sliding frame, a workpiece holder mounted in thefree end portion of the swinging frame, automatically actuated means formoving the swinging frame, upon the completion of a. predeterminedoperation on a workpiece supported in said holder, in changing theangular position of the holder in the swinging frame and with respect tosaid wheel, and means rotating said holder to bring another section of aworkpiecer in position to engage said grinding wheel.

6. A machine for automatically moving a workpiece relative to a grindingwheel, comprising an elongated sliding frame for moving the workpieceacross the surface of the wheel, a freely swinging frame pivoted at oneend to the corresponding end of the sliding frame and swingable from aposition substantially paralleling the slid-A ing frame to positions atan inclination thereto in moving the workpiece toward and from saidwheel, means for actuating the sliding frame, a workpiece holder mountedin the free end portion of the Aswinging frame, automatically actuatedmeans for moving the swinging frame, upon the completion of apredetermined operation on a workpiece supported in said holder, inchanging the angular position of the holder in the vswinging frame andwith respect to said wheel, means rotatingsaid holder to bring anothersection of a workpiece in position to engage said grinding wheel, andmeans for easing the movement of the workpiece into engagementwith thegrinding wheel.

'7. A machine for automatically moving a workpiece relative to agrinding wheel, comprising an elongated sliding frame for moving theworkpiece across the surface of the wheel, a freely swinging framepivoted at one end to the corresponding end of the sliding frame andswingable from aposition substantially paralleling the sliding-frame topositions at an inclination thereto in moving the workpiece toward andfrom said wheel, means for actuating the sliding frame; a

workpiece holder mounted in the free end portion of the swinging frame,automatically actuated means for moving the swinging frame, upon thecompletion of a predetermined operation on a workpiece supported in saidholder, in changing the angular position of the holder in the swingingframe and with respect to said wheel, means rotating said holder tobring another section of a workpiece in position to engage said grindingwheel, and said automaticallyactuated means including adjustable meanscontrolling the movement of the workpiece in the direction of thegrinding wheel.

8. In a machine forfmoving a workpiece reladetermined distance withrespect to the surface of said element, for raising the workpiece out ofengagement with said element, for rotating said member to bring a newsection of the workpiece in position to engage the element and to changethe angular position of said member with respect to said elementpreparatory to operating the new section of said workpiece over thesurface of lsaid element.

9. In a machine for moving a workpiece relatively to a rotating elementin controlling operations performed on the workpiece by said element, anelongated reciprocating frame moving the workpiece in a predeterminedpath over a surface of said element, an elongated swinging frame pivotedto one end of said reciprocating frame, a workpiece supporting memberdetachably mounted in the free end portion of said swinging frame,automatically actuated means, operated upon the movement of theworkpiece a predetermined distance with respect to the surface of saidelement, for raising the workpiece out of engagement with said element,for rotating said member to bring a new section of the workpiece inposition to engage the element and to change the angular position ofsaid member with respect to said element preparatory to operating thenew section of said workpiece over the surface of said element, andmeans easing the movement of the workpiece into engagement with saidelement.

l0. In a machine for reciprocating a workpiece backand forth over thesurface of a shaping element and for moving the same toward and fromsaid surface, a workpieve supporting member, a

block in which said member is mounted, means for reciprocating the blockand member back and forth over a surface of said element, means man--ually adjusting the block to regulate the angle of inclination of saidmember witlrrespect to the surface of said element, means rotatable insaid block and intermittently coupled with said member for rotating saidmember to bring separate sections of a workpiece in position to engagesaid tively to a rotating element in controlling operations performed onthe workpiece by said element, an elongated reciprocating frame movingthe workpiece in a predetermined path over a surface of said element, anelongated swinging frame pivoted to one end of said reciprocating frame,a workpiece supporting member detachably mounted in the free end portionof said swinging frame, and automatically actuated means, operated-uponthe movement of the workpiece a preelement, and means actuatedsimultaneously with bringing each new section of the workpiece inposition to engage said element for shifting the block in changing theangular position of said member while maintaining said adjusted angle ofinclination thereof.

1l. In a. machine for automatically forming a successive series ofsurfaces on a workpiece, a reciprocating frame, af swinging framepivoted at one end to the corresponding end of the reciprocating frame,a workpiece holder adjustably mounted in the free end of said swingingframe, means for actuating said reciprocating frame, means in one cycleof operation of said reciprocating frame for automatically operating theswinging frame in moving the workpiece holder into inoperative position,and means for rotating said holder and simultaneously shifting theposiswinging frame in moving the workpiece holder into inoperativeposition, means for rotating said holder and simultaneously shifting theposition of the holder in the swing frame while maintaining the adjustedposition thereof preparatory to re- Vtions of a workpiece over thesurface of a wheel in grinding and polishing said sections, areciprocating frame, a swinging frame pivoted at one end to acorresponding end of the swinging frame, a workpiece holding unitmovably supported in the other end of said swinging frame, a plunger insaid swinging frame, means actuated in each reciprocating movement ofsaid sliding frame for moving said plunger longitudinally with respectto the swinging frame and maintaining the swinging frame substantiallyparallel to the sliding frame, a pawl for checking movement of saidplunger in controlling swinging movement of said swinging frame, andautomatically actuated means controlling movement of said pawl intochecking position upon completing the grinding and polishing of asection of the workpiece.

14. In a machine for moving a series of sections of a workpiece over thesurface of a wheelin grinding and polishing said sections, areciprocating frame, a swinging frame pivoted at one end to acorresponding end of the swinging frame, a workpiece holding unitmovably supported in the other end of said swinging frame, a. plunger insaid swinging frame, means actuated in each reciprocating movement ofsaid sliding frame for moving said plunger longitudinally with respectto the swinging frame and maintaining the swinging frame substantiallyparallel to the sliding frame, a pawl for checking movement of saidplunger in controlling swinging movement of said swinging frame,automatically actuated means controlling movement of said pawl intochecking position upon completing the grinding and polishing of asection of the workpiece, and said last named means including anadjustable stop limiting movement of the workpiece in the direction ofthe surface of said wheel.

15. In a machine of the class described, a workpiece holding memberdetachable with said u nit, means for guiding said unit to move throughan arcuate path, means manually adjusting the unit in supporting saidmember in predetermined angular position with respect to a surface overwhich the workpiece is operated, means for actuating said unit toreciprocate the workpiece over said surface, and means comprising alever and a pair of pawls for automatically moving said unit in thearcuate path in intermittently changing the position of said member withrespect to said surface at the termination of each series ofreciprocating operations of the workpiece oversaid surface.

16. In a machine of the class described, a workpiece holding memberdetachable with said unit, means for guiding said unit to move throughan arcuate path, means manually adjusting the unit in supporting saidmember in predetermined angular position with respect to a surface overwhich the workpiece is operated, means for actuating said unit toreciprocate the workpiece over of pawls for automatically moving saidunit in the arcuate 'path in intermittently changing the position ofsaid member with respect to said surface at the termination of eachseries of reciprocating operations of the workpiece over said surface,and means automatically rotating said member to move a new section ofthe workpiece in position to engage said surface in the arcuate movementof said unit.

17. In a machine for grinding a plurality of surfaces on a workpiece, agrinding wheel, a workpiece holder having a supporting member, means forautomatically operating said holder to move the workpiece in said membertoward and from the surface of said wheel, means for shifting theposition of said member in said holder to bring different sections ofthe workpiece in position to engage said wheel, means for moving theworkpiece relatively to the surface of the wheel in the grindingoperation, means .limiting movement of the workpiece in the direction ofthe surface of the grinding wheel in completing a grinding operation onone surface of a workpiece, means for adjusting the holder to apredetermined angle of inclination to the surface of the wheel, andmeans for automatically shifting the angular position of the holder withrespect to the grinding wheel while maintaining said predetermined angleof inclination in bringing the next surface of the' workpiece inposition to engage said wheel.

18. In a machine for grinding a plurality oi' surfaces on a workpiece, agrinding wheel, a workpiece holder having a supporting member, means forautomatically operating said holder to move the workpiece in said membertoward and from the surface of said wheel, means for shiftlng theposition of said member in said holder to bring different sections ofthe workpiece in position to` engage said wheel, means for moving theworkpiece relatively to the surface of the wheel in the grindingoperation, means limiting movement of the workpiece in the direction ofthe surface of the grinding wheel in completing a grinding operation onone surface of a workpiece, said last named means being adjustable,means for adjusting the holder to a predetermined angle of inclinationto the surface of the wheel. and means for automatically shifting theangular position of the holder with respect to the grinding Wheel whilemaintaining said predetermined angle of inclination in bringing the iextsurface of the workpiece in position to engage said wheel.

19. A machine for moving a workpiece relatively to a rotating element incontrolling operations performed on the workpiece by said element, areciprocating frame moving the workpiece in a predetermined path over asurface of said element, a workpiece operating unit mounted on saidframe, a workpiece supporting member detachable with and rotatable insaid unit, means adjusting the angle of inclination ofvsaid member withrespect to said surface of said eley ment, means for automaticallyshifting the angagement with said element and to rotate said saidsurface, means comprising a lever and a pair 7g member in said unit tobring a new section of the workpiece in position to engage said element.

20. A machine for moving a workpiece relatively to a rotating element incontrolling operations performed on the workpiece by said element, areciprocating frame moving the workpiece in a predetermined path over asurface of said element, a workpiece operating unit mounted on saidframe, a workpiece supporting member detachable with and rotatable insaid unit, means adjusting the angle of inclination of said member withrespect; to saidsurface of said ele-l ment, means for automaticallyshifting the angular position of theunit with respect to said elementwhile maintaining the adjusted inclination of said member, .means forautomatically moving the workpiece of said member outl of en-l gagementwith said element and to rotate said member in said unit to bring a newsection of the workpiece in position to engage said element, said unitbeing movable in the direction of said element in said reciprocatingmovement of the workpiece with respect to said element, and said lastnamed means including adjustable means for checking movement of the unitin the direction of said element.

21. In a grinding machine, the combination with a shaping element and amember having means detachably supporting a workpiece at one endthereof, of means for automatically actuating said member in a series ofoperations in formmg diierent surfaces on said workpiece, said surfaceof said element, while maintaining said predetermined angle ofinclination of the member, in grinding the diierent surfaces of saidworkpiece.

22. In a. grinding machine, the combination with a shaping element and amember having means detachably supporting a workpiece at one endthereof, of means for automatically actuating said member in a series ofoperations in formine.r diierent surfaces on said workpiece, said lastnamed means comprising means for reciprocating said member relatively tosaid element, means to move said member toward and from said element,means to rotate said member to bring a different surface of the.workpiece therein into engagement withsaid element, means supportingsaid member at a predetermined angle of inclinationwith respect to thesurface of said element over which the workpiece passes, means forintermittently shifting the angular position of said Vmember withrespect to said surface of said element,- while maintaining saidpredetermined angle of inclination of the member, in grinding thediierent surfaces of said workpiece, and means for manually adjustingthe angle of inclination of said member with respect to said surface ofsaid element.

forming different surfaces on said workpiece, said lastnamed meanscomprising meansfor reciprocating said member relatively to saidelement, means to move said member toward and from said element, meansto rotate said member. t

bring a different surface of the workpiece therein into engagement withsaid element, means supporting said member at a predetermined angle ofinclination with respect to the surface of said element over which theworkpiece passes, means for intermittently shifting the angular positionof said member with respect to said surface of said element, whilemaintaining said predetermined angle of inclination of the member, ingrinding the different surfaces of said workpiece, means for slowlymoving the workpiece into engagement with said surface of said element,and adjustable'means for checking movement of the work piece in thedirection of said surface.

24. In a machine for grinding and polishing a predetermined number offacets on a precious stone, the combination with a grinding and pol`ishing wheel, of means for reciprocating a stone over a surface of saidWheel a number of ti-mes in grinding each facet, automatically actuatedmeans for moving the stone out of engagement with the wheel upon theformation of a facet on one section of the stone and then moving anothersection of the stone into engagement with said wheel, said last namedmeans comprising a member supported at predetermined inclination to thesurface of said wheel, and means for shifting said member to 'diierentangular positions with respect to said wheel surface while maintainingsaid inclination of said member.

25. In a machine for grinding and polishing a predetermined number offacets on a precious stone, the combination with a grinding andpolishing wheel, of means for reciprocating a stone over a surface ofsaid wheel a number of times said inclination of said member, saidsecond 'l named means including an adjustable stop limiting movement ofthe stone in the direction of said wheel surface, and means for manuallyadjusting the angle of inclination of said member with respect to thesurface of said wheel.

26. In a machine of the class described, the` combination with a shapingelement, of a workpiece mechanism for moving a workpiece supportedtherein toward and from, and back and forth over the surface of saidshaping element,

said mechanism comprisinga workpiece supporting member having apredetermined angle of inclination to the' surface of `said shapingelement, means for rotating the member in bringing different sections ofthe workpiece therein in position to engage said element, mea-nsshifting the angular position of said member to the element whilemaintaining said predeterminedl angle of inclination, means imparting.back and forth reciprocating, movement to said mechanism, and adjustablemeans. checking movement of the mechanism in the direction of saidelement in.

controlling operation of theshaping element upon the respective sectionsof the workpiece in the several back and forth reciprocating movementsof the respective sections` of the workpiece l,over

said element. AARON SIMONSi

